Starting a Business in Turkey: 7 Essential Steps for in 2025

Starting a business in Turkey in 2025 offers a promising gateway to Europe, Asia, and the Middle East, thanks to Turkey’s strategic location, dynamic economy, and investment-friendly regulations. Whether you’re a local or foreign investor, understanding the legal procedures and business environment is crucial for a smooth establishment.

As Akkas & Associates Law Firm, Istanbul’s trusted legal partner since 1992, our English-speaking lawyers provide this comprehensive guide to help you navigate the essential steps of company formation in Turkey clearly and efficiently.

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Why Choose Turkey for Your Business Venture?
Contact us to Start a Business in Turkey

Turkey, with its dynamic economy and strategic geographical location, continues to be a magnet for investors worldwide. Establishing a business here in 2025 offers immense potential. However, navigating the legal landscape requires expert guidance.

Why Choose Turkey for Your Business Venture?

Turkey presents unique advantages for business formation. The country’s membership in the G20, customs union with the European Union, and strategic trade agreements create exceptional market access. Additionally, Turkey’s skilled workforce, competitive operational costs, and government incentives make it an ideal location for various business sectors.

The Turkish government has implemented numerous reforms to simplify business registration procedures and attract foreign investment. These improvements have significantly enhanced Turkey’s position in the World Bank’s Ease of Doing Business rankings, making it increasingly accessible for international entrepreneurs.

1. Choosing Your Business Structure: The Foundation of Your Venture

The Turkish Commercial Code (TCC) offers various company types. Your choice significantly impacts liability, capital requirements, and administrative procedures. The most common types for foreign investors are:

Limited Liability Company (LLC – Limited Şirket): Ideal for small to medium-sized enterprises. An LLC can be established by one or more shareholders, with a minimum capital requirement of TRY 50,000 as of 2024. Shareholders’ liability is limited to their committed capital.
Joint Stock Company (JSC – Anonim Şirket): Suited for larger businesses and those planning to go public. A JSC requires a minimum capital of TRY 250,000 as of 2024, and at least 25% of the subscribed share capital must be paid before registration, with the remainder within 24 months. Shareholders’ liability is limited to their shares.

Other options include sole proprietorships, collective companies, and limited partnerships, though less frequently chosen by foreign investors due to unlimited liability or specific partnership structures. For a detailed comparison, explore different Turkish Company Types.

2. Essential Pre-Registration Steps: Laying the Groundwork

Before official registration, several crucial steps must be completed:

Obtain a Tax Identification Number (TIN): All foreign shareholders and company managers must obtain a Turkish TIN. This is a fundamental requirement for all official transactions.
Prepare Articles of Association: This foundational document outlines the company’s purpose, share capital, management, and other vital details. It must be prepared in Turkish and notarized.
Secure a Registered Office Address: Every company in Turkey needs a legal address. This can be a physical office or a virtual office, with a valid rental agreement or title deed.

3. The Company Registration Process: Navigating the Bureaucracy

The company registration process in Turkey is largely electronic through the Central Registry Record System (MERSIS).

MERSIS Application: Your Articles of Association and other required documents are submitted online via MERSIS. Foreign individuals can be added as partners or authorized representatives using their passport numbers, provided they have a Turkish TIN registered with MERSIS.
Deposit Capital: For JSCs, at least 25% of the committed cash capital must be deposited into a bank account opened in the company’s name before registration. For LLCs, the capital can be paid within 24 months.
Competition Authority Fee: A small percentage (0.04%) of the company’s capital must be paid to the Competition Authority’s account. This can often be done at the Trade Registry Directorate.
Trade Registry Directorate Registration: Once all documents are submitted and fees paid, the Trade Registry Directorate completes the registration. They also certify essential commercial books.
Signature Circular: Authorized signatories of the company must issue a signature circular before the Trade Registry Directorate’s authorized personnel.

This process typically takes a few days if all documentation is in order. For more information on the streamlined process, refer to our guide on How to Open a Business in Turkey.

4. Post-Registration Formalities: Ensuring Compliance

After successful company registration, further steps are necessary to ensure full legal and operational compliance:

Tax Office Notification: The Trade Registry Directorate automatically notifies the tax office. A tax officer will visit the company headquarters to prepare a determination report.
Social Security Institution (SGK) Registration: If you plan to hire employees, registering with the SGK is mandatory to comply with labor laws and social security obligations.
Obtain Licenses and Permits: Depending on your business activity, you may need specific licenses and permits from relevant ministries or municipalities. This is a critical step for legal operation. For instance, businesses in food, healthcare, or tourism sectors have additional regulatory requirements.
Open a Corporate Bank Account: This is essential for managing your company’s finances, including capital deposit and daily transactions.

5. Understanding the Turkish Tax System: Key Considerations for 2025

Turkey’s tax system for businesses includes corporate income tax, VAT, and withholding taxes.

Corporate Income Tax (CIT): The standard CIT rate is 25% for most companies. As of January 1, 2025, a domestic minimum tax regime ensures that corporate tax is not less than 10% of corporate income before certain exemptions and deductions. It’s crucial to understand how this might impact your specific tax liability.
Value Added Tax (VAT): VAT is applied to goods and services at varying rates.
Withholding Tax: Applicable to certain payments like rent, royalties, and salaries.

Engaging with a local certified public accountant (CPA) is highly recommended for navigating tax obligations and ensuring timely filings.

6. Investment Incentives and Support: Maximizing Your Advantages

The Turkish government actively encourages both local and foreign investment through various incentives. These can include:

VAT Exemption: For imported and/or domestically delivered machinery and equipment within the scope of an investment incentive certificate.
Customs Duty Exemption: On machinery and equipment directly related to the investment.
Tax Reduction: Reduced corporate or income tax rates until the calculated benefit equals the state’s contribution.
Social Security Premium Support: Government coverage of employee and/or employer shares for new hires.
Interest Payment Support: For investment loans with a term of at least one year.

These incentives aim to reduce costs and support sustainable growth. For comprehensive details on available incentives, refer to the official Investment Office of Turkey website.

7. Navigating Business Visas and Work Permits: For Foreigners

Foreign individuals intending to work or reside in Turkey for business purposes will need appropriate visas and work permits.

Business Visa: For short-term business activities like meetings or conferences.
Work Visa/Permit: Required for foreign nationals employed by a Turkish entity. Obtaining a work permit usually involves a job offer from a Turkish employer and fulfilling specific documentation requirements. Information on Turkish visa requirements can be found at the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

FAQs: Starting Your Business in Turkey

Q1: Do I need a Turkish partner to start a business in Turkey? No, generally, foreign investors are not required to have a Turkish partner to establish a company in Turkey. The Law on Foreign Direct Investment grants foreign investors the same rights and obligations as local investors.

Q2: What is the minimum capital required for a Limited Liability Company (LLC) in Turkey in 2025? As of 2024, the minimum capital requirement for an LLC (Limited Şirket) in Turkey is TRY 50,000. This amount is subject to change, so it’s always advisable to verify the latest regulations.

Q3: How long does it take to register a company in Turkey? The company registration process in Turkey can typically be completed within 3-5 business days if all necessary documents are prepared correctly and efficiently. Delays can occur if documents are incomplete or require additional approvals.

Q4: Are all company documents required to be in Turkish? Yes, all official documents submitted for company registration and ongoing compliance must be in Turkish. If original documents are in another language, certified translations by a sworn translator are required.

Q5: What are the key ongoing compliance requirements for businesses in Turkey? Key ongoing compliance includes filing monthly VAT returns, quarterly provisional tax returns, and annual corporate income tax returns. Companies must also adhere to social security regulations, labor laws, and conduct annual general assembly meetings.

Q6: Can a foreign individual be a manager of a Turkish company? Yes, foreign individuals can be appointed as managers or board members of Turkish companies. There are no restrictions based on nationality for management roles.

Contact us to Start a Business in Turkey

Establishing a business in Turkey offers tremendous opportunities for growth and expansion into emerging markets. The country’s strategic location, skilled workforce, and growing economy create an ideal environment for various business ventures. However, successful business establishment requires careful planning, proper legal guidance, and thorough understanding of Turkish business regulations.

Professional legal assistance is invaluable for navigating Turkey’s business landscape efficiently and avoiding potential pitfalls. From initial business structure selection to ongoing compliance management, experienced legal counsel ensures your venture starts on solid foundations.

Contact Akkas & Associates Law Firm today for comprehensive legal support in starting your Turkish business. Our experienced team has been providing top-tier legal services since 1992, helping international clients successfully establish and grow their businesses in Turkey.

Let our expertise guide you through every step of the business formation process, ensuring compliance and positioning your venture for long-term success.

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