Turkish Work Permit FAQs in 2025: Ultimate Questions & Answers

Navigating the complexities of obtaining a Turkish work permit can be challenging, especially with frequent updates to regulations and documentation requirements. Whether you are applying from abroad or within Turkey, understanding the nuances of the application process, eligibility criteria, and legal obligations is crucial for a successful outcome.

This comprehensive Turkish Work Permit FAQs article is designed to provide clear, authoritative answers to the most pressing questions about Turkish work permits, helping you navigate the process confidently and compliantly.

Table of Contents

What is a Turkish Work Permit and Who Needs One?

A Turkish work permit is a legal authorization that allows foreign nationals to work in Turkey. Under Turkish law, specifically the International Workforce Law No. 6735, any foreign national who wishes to work in Turkey must obtain a work permit before starting employment, regardless of their nationality or the duration of their intended stay.

The permit serves as official documentation that you have the legal right to work in Turkey and protects both employees and employers from potential legal complications. Without a valid work permit, foreign nationals cannot legally work in Turkey, and employers cannot legally hire them.

As Istanbul’s premier full-service law firm since 1992, Akkas & Associates understands the intricacies of Turkish immigration law. For foreign nationals building careers and lives in Turkey, the renewal of a work permit is a critical process that demands precision and timely action.

1. What is a Turkish Work Permit and Who Needs One?

A Turkish Work Permit (Çalışma İzni) is an official document issued by the Republic of Turkey’s Ministry of Labor and Social Security (Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı – ÇSGB) that grants foreign nationals the legal right to work and reside in Turkey. Essentially, it’s your gateway to legitimate employment in the country.

Who Needs One?

In most cases, every foreign national intending to work in Turkey must obtain a work permit. This applies to individuals seeking employment with a Turkish company, those planning to establish their own business and work within it, and even highly skilled professionals or investors. Working in Turkey without a valid work permit is illegal and carries severe consequences for both the employee and the employer, including hefty fines, deportation for the individual, and blacklisting for the employer.

There are very limited exceptions, primarily for certain diplomatic personnel or those under specific international agreements. For the vast majority of foreign individuals, a work permit is an indispensable requirement.

2. What are the General Eligibility Criteria for a Turkish Work Permit?

Obtaining a Turkish work permit involves satisfying specific criteria, which generally apply to both the foreign applicant and the prospective Turkish employer.

For the Foreigner:

• Valid Job Offer: A prerequisite is a legitimate job offer or an employment contract from a Turkish company. The application is typically initiated by the employer.
• Qualifications: Your educational background, professional experience, and skills should align with the requirements of the position offered and, ideally, be in demand within the Turkish labor market. Official translations and notarizations of diplomas and certificates are usually necessary.
• Passport Validity: Your passport must be valid for a sufficient period, typically at least 60 days beyond the “duration of stay” of your requested permit.
• No Criminal Record: Applicants must not have a criminal record that would render them inadmissible to Turkey.

For the Turkish Employer:

Turkish law sets certain criteria for employers wishing to hire foreign nationals. These are primarily designed to protect the local labor market:

• Turkish Employee Quota: Generally, for every foreign employee, the employer must employ at least five Turkish citizens. This ratio is typically required for the first work permit application. If more than one foreigner is to be employed, the five Turkish citizen quota applies for each additional foreigner.
• Capital Requirements: The company’s paid-in capital must meet a certain threshold (e.g., typically at least TRY 100,000), or its gross sales or export amount must be above specific figures. There are exceptions for certain sectors like education or tourism, and for foreign companies’ representative offices.
• Financial Standing: The employer’s financial health, as evidenced by their balance sheet and profit/loss statements, is often scrutinized.
• Salary Standards: The salary offered to the foreign national must be commensurate with their position, qualifications, and the Turkish minimum wage, often set at a multiple of the minimum wage depending on the profession (e.g., senior managers, engineers, teachers have higher minimums).

3. What Documents Are Required for a Turkish Work Permit Application?

The documentation required for a Turkish work permit application is extensive and meticulous, demanding careful preparation. Both the foreign applicant and the Turkish employer must provide a range of documents.

Documents from the Foreigner:

• Passport Copy: A copy of your valid passport, including the photo page and any pages with Turkish entry/exit stamps.
• Biometric Photographs: Recent biometric photos meeting Turkish specifications (usually four).
• Translated and Notarized Diploma/Education Certificates: Copies of your highest educational degree or professional qualification, translated into Turkish by a sworn translator and notarized. Depending on the country of origin, an apostille or consular legalization might also be required.
• Employment Contract: The signed employment contract between you and your Turkish employer, detailing your position, salary, working hours, and duration of employment.
• Resume/CV: A detailed curriculum vitae outlining your professional history and skills.
• Reference Number: If applying from abroad, the 16-digit reference number provided by the Turkish consulate after your initial application.
• Valid Residence Permit (if applying from Turkey): A copy of your valid Turkish residence permit with at least six months remaining.

Documents from the Turkish Employer:

• Company’s Trade Registry Gazette: Showing the company’s current capital and partnership structure.
• Balance Sheet and Profit/Loss Statement: For the most recent year, certified by a tax office or certified public accountant.
• Social Security Registration Documents: Proof of the company’s registration with the Turkish Social Security Institution (SGK).
• Power of Attorney: If the application is being handled by a lawyer (like Akkas & Associates Law Firm) or a representative.
• Sponsorship Letter: An official letter on company letterhead detailing the job offer, the foreign national’s responsibilities, and the necessity of their employment.
• Workplace Registration Number: The official registration number of the workplace.
• If the Foreigner is a Company Partner: Additional documents such as the Trade Registry Gazette showing their partnership and the company’s activity certificate.

Important Note on Document Authentication: Many foreign documents, particularly diplomas and marriage certificates, will need to be apostilled in your home country or undergo consular legalization processes before being translated and notarized in Turkey. This is a critical step to ensure their legal validity within Turkey.

4. How Do I Apply for a Turkish Work Permit? (Step-by-Step Process)

The application process for a Turkish work permit can vary slightly depending on whether the applicant is applying from abroad or already holds a valid residence permit in Turkey. The entire process is primarily handled through the e-Permit System (e-Çalışma İzni) of the Ministry of Labor and Social Security.

Application from Abroad:

1. Consular Application: The foreign national applies to the Turkish Embassy or Consulate in their country of citizenship or legal residence. They submit their passport, visa application form, employment contract, and a letter from their employer. Upon submission, they receive a 16-digit reference number.
2. Employer’s Online Application: Within ten working days of the consular application, the Turkish employer must submit an online work permit application through the e-Permit system, using the reference number provided to the foreign national. All required company and employee documents are uploaded digitally.
3. Ministry Review: The Ministry of Labor and Social Security reviews the application, often in consultation with other relevant ministries. The processing time is typically within 30 days if all documents are complete and accurate. If missing documents are identified, the 30-day period restarts once they are submitted.
4. Visa Issuance: If approved, the Ministry notifies the relevant Turkish consulate. The foreign national then returns to the consulate to obtain a work visa stamp in their passport.
5. Entry to Turkey and Residence Permit: The foreign national must enter Turkey within 180 days of the work permit issuance. Upon arrival, they must register with the local police department (or Directorate General of Migration Management) within one month to obtain the necessary residence permit based on their work permit.

Application from Within Turkey:

1. Residence Permit Requirement: The foreign national must possess a valid Turkish residence permit (e.g., short-term, family) with at least six months of validity remaining at the time of application. Tourist visas generally do not suffice.
2. Employer’s Online Application: The Turkish employer initiates the online work permit application directly through the e-Permit system. The required documents for both the employer and the employee are uploaded digitally.
3. Ministry Review: Similar to applications from abroad, the Ministry reviews the application within 30 days, provided all documents are complete.
4. Work Permit Card Issuance: If approved, the work permit card is issued and typically sent to the employer’s address by post.
5. Social Security Registration: Crucially, the employer must register the foreign employee with the Social Security Institution (SGK) within 30 days of the work permit issuance, before the employee begins working.

5. What are the Different Types and Durations of Turkish Work Permits?

Turkey offers several types of work permits, each catering to different circumstances and offering varying durations:

• Definite-Term Work Permit (Süreli Çalışma İzni): This is the most common type.
  • Initial Grant: Typically issued for a maximum period of one year for a specific job and employer.
  • First Extension: If the foreign national continues to work for the same employer in the same profession, the permit can be extended for up to two additional years.
  • Subsequent Extensions: After the initial 1+2 years (totaling three years), the permit can be extended for a maximum of three more years for the same job, even if changing employers.
  • Renewal Application: Must be filed within a maximum of two months prior to the expiration date of the current permit, and at the latest, before the permit expires. Applications filed after expiration are treated as initial applications.
• Indefinite-Term Work Permit (Süresiz Çalışma İzni): Also known as a permanent work permit.
  • Eligibility: Foreigners who have legally and uninterruptedly resided in Turkey for at least eight years OR who have had a total of six years of legal employment with a work permit.
  • Benefits: Grants the holder more flexibility, allowing them to work in any job without needing approval for each employer change, and exempts them from the employer’s quota requirements.
• Independent Work Permit (Bağımsız Çalışma İzni):
  • Purpose: Issued to foreign nationals who wish to work as self-employed individuals or freelancers in Turkey.
  • Requirements: Applicants must demonstrate sufficient funds, a viable business plan, and relevant professional experience. This permit is typically challenging to obtain and requires a strong case.
• Turquoise Card (Turkuaz Kart):
  • Purpose: Introduced to attract highly skilled labor, investors, scientists, artists, and athletes who can contribute significantly to Turkey’s economy and culture.
  • Benefits: Offers a more streamlined process and provides rights similar to those of Turkish citizens, including residence and work rights for their spouse and dependent children. It’s initially granted for three years and can be converted into an indefinite-term permit.
  • Internal Link: For those interested in long-term residency and investment opportunities, you might consider exploring avenues like Turkish Citizenship by Investment, a pathway that offers significant benefits for qualified foreign individuals.

6. What are the Costs Associated with Obtaining a Turkish Work Permit?

The costs associated with a Turkish work permit application comprise several components, subject to annual revisions by the Ministry of Labor and Social Security and the Ministry of Treasury and Finance.

• Work Permit Fee: This is the primary fee paid to the Ministry. It varies depending on the duration of the permit (e.g., a one-year definite-term permit has a specific fee, with additional charges for longer durations). As of recent announcements (subject to change), a one-year temporary work permit fee is around ₺10,571.60 TL.
• Valuable Paper Fee (Değerli Kağıt Bedeli): A separate fee for the work permit card itself.
• Notarization and Translation Costs: Significant costs can arise from translating and notarizing required documents, especially if apostille or consular legalization procedures are involved.
• Health Insurance: It is mandatory for foreign nationals to have valid health insurance in Turkey. This can be public (SGK) or private.
• Social Security Premiums (SGK): Once the work permit is granted, the employer is legally obligated to register the foreign employee with the Social Security Institution (SGK) and pay monthly social security premiums. These costs are substantial and typically range between ₺8,000 – ₺12,000 per month, depending on the employee’s salary and other factors. This is a crucial financial commitment for the employer.
• Legal Consultancy Fees: Engaging a reputable law firm like Akkas & Associates for assistance with the application process, document preparation, and legal guidance is an additional but highly recommended cost, as it significantly increases the chances of a successful application and avoids potential pitfalls.

7. Can a Turkish Work Permit Be Rejected, and What Are the Reasons?

Yes, a Turkish work permit application can be rejected. The Ministry of Labor and Social Security thoroughly evaluates each application against strict criteria outlined in the International Labor Law (Law No. 6735) and related regulations.

Common Reasons for Rejection:

• Missing or Incomplete Documents: This is one of the most frequent reasons. Any missing document, an error in form completion, or a lack of proper translation/notarization can lead to rejection.
• Failure to Meet Employer Quotas: If the employer does not meet the minimum Turkish employee quota or the capital requirements, the application may be denied.
• Unqualified Applicant: If the foreign national’s qualifications (education, experience) do not align with the requirements of the job or the needs of the Turkish labor market, the application may be rejected.
• Discrepancies in Information: Any inconsistencies between the information provided by the employee and the employer, or false information, will lead to rejection.
• Job Not Deemed Necessary: If the Ministry determines that a Turkish citizen could adequately fill the position, or if the employment of the foreign national is not aligned with Turkey’s international labor policy, the application may be rejected.
• Prohibited Occupations for Foreigners: Certain professions are reserved exclusively for Turkish citizens. These include, but are not limited to:
  • Advocacy (Lawyers)
  • Notary Public
  • Dentistry
  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Responsible Manager in Private Hospitals
  • Security Guard
  • Customs Brokerage
  • Tourist Guidance
  • Pharmacist
• Employer’s Financial Instability: If the employer’s financial statements indicate instability or inability to sustain the foreign employee’s salary and social security contributions.
• Criminal Record: A foreign national with a problematic criminal record may be denied a work permit.

What to Do in Case of Rejection:

If your work permit application is rejected, the Ministry will notify the foreign national or the employer of the decision. You have the right to object to the decision within 30 days from the notification date. If the objection is also rejected, administrative remedies can be sought, which may involve filing an administrative lawsuit.

It is highly advisable to seek immediate legal counsel from an experienced immigration lawyer in Turkey if your application is rejected. They can assess the specific reasons for denial and guide you through the objection process or advise on reapplying.

External Links for Further Information:

For official and up-to-date information, you may refer to:

• Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA): www.mfa.gov.tr (For general visa and consular information)
• Republic of Turkey Ministry of Labor and Social Security (ÇSGB / UİGM): www.csgb.gov.tr/uigm/ (The main authority for work permits)
• Invest in Turkey: www.invest.gov.tr/en/ (For information related to foreign investment and associated work permit aspects)

Contact us for Turkish Work Permit Services

Navigating the complexities of Turkish work permit applications requires a thorough understanding of the law, meticulous document preparation, and adherence to strict procedures. While this FAQ guide provides a foundational understanding, the nuances of individual cases can be significant. The legal landscape is constantly evolving, and staying updated with the latest regulations is essential.

At Akkas & Associates Law Firm, we have been assisting foreign nationals and businesses with their legal needs in Turkey since 1992. Our team of experienced lawyers in Istanbul is dedicated to providing personalized, efficient, and comprehensive legal services, ensuring that your work permit application process is as smooth and successful as possible. From initial consultation and document preparation to application submission and follow-up, we are here to guide you every step of the way.

Don’t let the legal complexities deter your professional aspirations in Turkey. Contact Akkas & Associates Law Firm today for personalized legal assistance and let our expertise pave your path to working and living legitimately in this dynamic country.

Please fill out and submit the form below to make an appointment.

Name *

First

Last

Email *

Phone

SubjectSelect ServiceBankruptcy & Debt RecoveryBusiness LawCompany FormationCriminal LawFamily Law & DivorceHealth Law & MalpracticeCitizenship by InvestmentImmigration LawInheritance Law & WillsIntellectual Property LawLabor & Employment LawReal Estate Law

Message *

Send Message